The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
Or, The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life
The Origin of Species
Chapter List-
The Origin of Species
-
Chapter_3
-
An Historical Sketch of the Progress of Opinion on the Origin of Species, Previously to the Publication of the First Edition of This Work
-
Introduction
-
The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
-
I
-
Causes of Variability
-
Effects of Habit and of the Use or Disuse of Parts; Correlated Variation; Inheritance
-
Character of Domestic Varieties; Difficulty of Distinguishing Between Varieties and Species; Origin of Domestic Varieties from One or More Species
-
Breeds of the Domestic Pigeon, Their Differences and Origin
-
Principles of Selection Anciently Followed, and Their Effects
-
Unconscious Selection
-
Circumstances Favourable to Man’s Power of Selection
-
II
-
Individual Differences
-
Doubtful Species
-
Wide-Ranging, Much Diffused, and Common Species Vary Most
-
Species of the Larger Genera in Each Country Vary More Frequently Than the Species of the Smaller Genera
-
Many of the Species Included Within the Larger Genera Resemble Varieties in Being Very Closely, but Unequally, Related to Each Other, and in Having Restricted Ranges
-
Summary
-
III
-
The Term, Struggle for Existence, Used in a Large Sense
-
Geometrical Ratio of Increase
-
Nature of the Checks to Increase
-
Complex Relations of All Animals and Plants to Each Other in the Struggle for Existence
-
Struggle for Life Most Severe Between Individuals and Varieties of the Same Species
-
IV
-
Sexual Selection
-
Illustrations of the Action of Natural Selection, or the Survival of the Fittest
-
On the Intercrossing of Individuals
-
Circumstances Favourable for the Production of New Forms Through Natural Selection
-
Extinction Caused by Natural Selection
-
Divergence of Character
-
The Probable Effects of the Action of Natural Selection Through Divergence of Character and Extinction, on the Descendants of a Common Ancestor
-
On the Degree to Which Organisation Tends to Advance
-
Convergence of Character
-
Summary of Chapter
-
V
-
Effects of the Increased Use and Disuse of Parts, as Controlled by Natural Selection
-
Acclimatisation
-
Correlated Variation
-
Compensation and Economy of Growth
-
Multiple, Rudimentary, and Lowly-Organised Structures Are Variable
-
A Part Developed in Any Species in an Extraordinary Degree or Manner, in Comparison with the Same Part in Allied Species, Tends to Be Highly Variable
-
Specific Characters More Variable Than Generic Characters
-
Secondary Sexual Characters Variable
-
Distinct Species Present Analogous Variations, So That a Variety of One Species Often Assumes a Character Proper to an Allied Species, or Reverts to Some of the Characters of an Early Progenitor
-
Summary
-
VI
-
On the Absence or Rarity of Transitional Varieties
-
On the Origin and Transition of Organic Beings with Peculiar Habits and Structure
-
Organs of Extreme Perfection and Complication
-
Modes of Transition
-
Special Difficulties of the Theory of Natural Selection
-
Organs of Little Apparent Importance, as Affected by Natural Selection
-
Utilitarian Doctrine, How Far True: Beauty, How Acquired
-
Summary: The Law of Unity of Type and of the Conditions of Existence Embraced by the Theory of Natural Selection
-
VII
-
VIII
-
Inherited Changes of Habit or Instinct in Domesticated Animals
-
Special Instincts
-
Instincts of the Cuckoo
-
Slave-Making Instinct
-
Cell-Making Instinct of the Hive-Bee
-
Objections to the Theory of Natural Selection as Applied to Instincts: Neuter and Sterile Insects
-
Summary
-
IX
-
Degrees of Sterility
-
Laws Governing the Sterility of First Crosses and of Hybrids
-
Origin and Causes of the Sterility of First Crosses and of Hybrids
-
Reciprocal Dimorphism and Trimorphism
-
Fertility of Varieties When Crossed, and of Their Mongrel Offspring, Not Universal
-
Hybrids and Mongrels Compared, Independently of Their Fertility
-
Summary of Chapter
-
X
-
On the Lapse of Time, as Inferred from the Rate of Deposition and Extent of Denudation
-
On the Poorness of Palaeontological Collections
-
On the Absence of Numerous Intermediate Varieties in Any Single Formation
-
On the Sudden Appearance of Whole Groups of Allied Species
-
On the Sudden Appearance of Groups of Allied Species in the Lowest Known Fossiliferous Strata
-
XI
-
On Extinction
-
On the Forms of Life Changing Almost Simultaneously Throughout the World
-
On the Affinities of Extinct Species to Each Other, and to Living Forms
-
On the State of Development of Ancient Compared with Living Forms
-
On the Succession of the Same Types Within the Same Areas, During the Later Tertiary Periods
-
Summary of the Preceding and Present Chapters
-
XII
-
Single Centres of Supposed Creation
-
Means of Dispersal
-
Dispersal During the Glacial Period
-
Alternate Glacial Periods in the North and South
-
XIII
-
Freshwater Productions
-
On the Inhabitants of Oceanic Islands
-
Absence of Batrachians and Terrestrial Mammals on Oceanic Islands
-
On the Relations of the Inhabitants of Islands to Those of the Nearest Mainland
-
Summary of the Last and Present Chapters
-
XIV
-
Analogical Resemblances
-
On the Nature of the Affinities Connecting Organic Beings
-
Morphology
-
Development and Embryology
-
Rudimentary, Atrophied, and Aborted Organs
-
Summary
-
XV
-
Glossary of the Principal Scientific Terms Used in the Present Volume
-
Endnotes