Accent + 

All Polish words, with few exceptions, are accented on the syllable next the last, the penult. The exceptions are foreign names, some compounds, some words with enclitics. Polish names of men and places are generally accented on the penult. In Russian⁠—both of the Ukraine and the North, or of Little and Great Russia⁠—there is much freedom in placing the accent. In this book there are many Russian names of men and places; but the majority of names are accented on the penult. It has been thought best, therefore, to state this fact, and place accents only on words accented on syllables other than the penult. Some of these were accented in the body of the book; the rest are accented here. The following names of men are accented on the last syllable:⁠— + 

Balaban + 

Barabash + 

Bogun + 

Burdabut + 

Chernota + 

The following names of places are accented as indicated:⁠— + 

Bakche Serai̍ + 

Bazalu̍k + 

Be̍lgorod + 

Bo̍guslav + 

Ga̍lata + 

Hassan Pasha̍ + 

Ka̍menyets + 

Korova̍i + 

Mi̍rgorod + 

Pereko̍p + 

Seki̍rnaya + 

Sle̍porod + 

Volochi̍sk + 

Yagorli̍k + 

Polish names in ski and vich are adjectives, regularly declined, with masculine and feminine endings. The titles of address Pan, Pani, Panna, refer respectively to a gentleman, a married lady, an unmarried lady. The following are examples:⁠— + 

Pan Kurtsevich, + 

Pani Kurtsevichova, + 

Panna Kurtsevichovna. + 

These three forms when applied to one family refer to the father, mother, and an unmarried daughter. + 

The ending in ski is not so complicated; for instance⁠— + 

Pan Pototski, + 

Pani Pototska, + 

Panna Pototska. + 

The names in vich denote descent; those in ski, origin in, or lordship over, a place. + 

Nikolai Pototski, Grand Hetman, captured at Korsún, was Pan Pototski, which means lord of Potok (Potok being the name of the place which he inherited); he was also Pan Krakovski, lord of Krakov (Krakow), because he was castellan of Krakov (Krakow), an office to which he was appointed by the king. + 

The names of villages which Zagloba mentions as belonging to Podbipienta are curious enough, whether real or invented by the whimsical narrator; as is also the name Povsinoga, which he gives the tall Lithuanian, and which means “tramp.” The villages⁠—taken in the order in which he gives them in chapter XLVII⁠—Myshikishki, Psikishki, Pigvishki, Sirutsiani, Tsiaputsiani, Kapustsiana glowa, Baltupye, are⁠—excluding the first two, the meanings of which are given in chapter II⁠—Crabapple town, Homespunville, Simpletown, Cabbagehead, and Slabtown. + 

The soup botvinia, mentioned in connection with Podbipienta and Pan Kharlamp, which is made of vegetables and fish in eastern Russia, may be made, it seems, without fish in Lithuania. The word is used figuratively to designate a rustic or stay-at-home villager. + 