ActI

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Act

I

Scene

I

Malfi. The presence chamber in the palace of the Duchess.

Enter Antonio and Delio.

Delio

You are welcome to your country, dear Antonio;

You have been long in France, and you return

A very formal Frenchman in your habit:

How do you like the French court?

Antonio

I admire it:

In seeking to reduce both state and people

To a fix’d order, their judicious king

Begins at home; quits first his royal palace

Of flattering sycophants, of dissolute

And infamous persons⁠—which he sweetly terms

His master’s masterpiece, the work of heaven;

Considering duly that a prince’s court

Is like a common fountain, whence should flow

Pure silver drops in general, but if’t chance

Some curs’d example poison’t near the head,

Death and diseases through the whole land spread.

And what is’t makes this blessed government

But a most provident council, who dare freely

Inform him the corruption of the times?

Though some o’ the court hold it presumption

To instruct princes what they ought to do,

It is a noble duty to inform them

What they ought to foresee.⁠—Here comes Bosola,

The only court-gall; yet I observe his railing

Is not for simple love of piety:

Indeed, he rails at those things which he wants;

Would be as lecherous, covetous, or proud,

Bloody, or envious, as any man,

If he had means to be so.⁠—Here’s the cardinal.

Enter Cardinal and Bosala.

Bosola

I do haunt you still.

Cardinal

So.

Bosola

I have done you better service than to be slighted thus. Miserable age, where only the reward of doing well is the doing of it!

Cardinal

You enforce your merit too much.

Bosola

I fell into the galleys in your service: where, for two years together, I wore two towels instead of a shirt, with a knot on the shoulder, after the fashion of a Roman mantle. Slighted thus! I will thrive some way. Blackbirds fatten best in hard weather; why not I in these dog-days?

Cardinal

Would you could become honest!

Bosola

With all your divinity do but direct me the way to it. I have known many travel far for it, and yet return as arrant knaves as they went forth, because they carried themselves always along with them. Exit Cardinal. Are you gone? Some fellows, they say, are possessed with the devil, but this great fellow were able to possess the greatest devil, and make him worse.

Antonio

He hath denied thee some suit?

Bosola

He and his brother are like plum-trees that grow crooked over standing-pools; they are rich and o’erladen with fruit, but none but crows, pies, and caterpillars feed on them. Could I be one of their flattering panders, I would hang on their ears like a horseleech, till I were full, and then drop off. I pray, leave me. Who would rely upon these miserable dependencies, in expectation to be advanc’d tomorrow? What creature ever fed worse than hoping Tantalus? Nor ever died any man more fearfully than he that hoped for a pardon. There are rewards for hawks and dogs when they have done us service; but for a soldier that hazards his limbs in a battle, nothing but a kind of geometry is his last supportation.

Delio

Geometry?

Bosola

Ay, to hang in a fair pair of slings, take his latter swing in the world upon an honourable pair of crutches, from hospital to hospital. Fare ye well, sir: and yet do not you scorn us; for places in the court are but like beds in the hospital, where this man’s head lies at that man’s foot, and so lower and lower.

Exit.

Delio

I knew this fellow seven years in the galleys

For a notorious murder; and ’twas thought

The cardinal suborn’d it: he was releas’d

By the French general, Gaston de Foix,

When he recover’d Naples.

Antonio

’Tis great pity

He should be thus neglected: I have heard

He’s very valiant. This foul melancholy

Will poison all his goodness; for, I’ll tell you,

If too immoderate sleep be truly said

To be an inward rust unto the soul,

If then doth follow want of action

Breeds all black malcontents; and their close rearing,

Like moths in cloth, do hurt for want of wearing.

Scene

II

The same.

Antonio, Delio. Enter Silvio, Castruccio, Julia, Roderigo and Grisolan.

Delio

The presence ’gins to fill: you promis’d me

To make me the partaker of the natures

Of some of your great courtiers.

Antonio

The lord cardinal’s

And other strangers’ that are now in court?

I shall.⁠—Here comes the great Calabrian duke.

Enter Ferdinand and Attendants.

Ferdinand

Who took the ring oftenest?

Silvio

Antonio Bologna, my lord.

Ferdinand

Our sister duchess’ great-master of her household? Give him the jewel.⁠—When shall we leave this sportive action, and fall to action indeed?

Castruccio

Methinks, my lord, you should not desire to go to war in person.

Ferdinand

Now for some gravity.⁠—Why, my lord?

Castruccio

It is fitting a soldier arise to be a prince, but not necessary a prince descend to be a captain.

Ferdinand

No?

Castruccio

No, my lord; he were far better do it by a deputy.

Ferdinand

Why should he not as well sleep or eat by a deputy? This might take idle, offensive, and base office from him, whereas the other deprives him of honour.

Castruccio

Believe my experience, that realm is never long in quiet where the ruler is a soldier.

Ferdinand

Thou toldest me thy wife could not endure fighting.

Castruccio

True, my lord.

Ferdinand

And of a jest she broke of a captain she met full of wounds: I have forgot it.

Castruccio

She told him, my lord, he was a pitiful fellow, to lie, like the children of Ismael, all in tents.

Ferdinand

Why, there’s a wit were able to undo all the chirurgeons o’ the city; for although gallants should quarrel, and had drawn their weapons, and were ready to go to it, yet her persuasions would make them put up.

Castruccio

That she would, my lord.⁠—How do you like my Spanish gennet?

Roderigo

He is all fire.

Ferdinand

I am of Pliny’s opinion, I think he was begot by the wind; he runs as if he were ballass’d with quicksilver.

Silvio

True, my lord, he reels from the tilt often.

Roderigo

Ha, ha, ha!

Grisolan

Ferdinand

Why do you laugh? Methinks you that are courtiers should be my touchwood, take fire when I give fire; that is, laugh when I laugh, were the subject never so witty.

Castruccio

True, my lord: I myself have heard a very good jest, and have scorn’d to seem to have so silly a wit as to understand it.

Ferdinand

But I can laugh at your fool, my lord.

Castruccio

He cannot speak, you know, but he makes faces; my lady cannot abide him.

Ferdinand

No?

Castruccio

Nor endure to be in merry company; for she says too much laughing, and too much company, fills her too full of the wrinkle.

Ferdinand

I would, then, have a mathematical instrument made for her face, that she might not laugh out of compass.⁠—I shall shortly visit you at Milan, Lord Silvio.

Silvio

Your grace shall arrive most welcome.

Ferdinand

You are a good horseman, Antonio; you have excellent riders in France: what do you think of good horsemanship?

Antonio

Nobly, my lord: as out of the Grecian horse issued many famous princes, so out of brave horsemanship arise the first sparks of growing resolution, that raise the mind to noble action.

Ferdinand

You have bespoke it worthily.

Silvio

Your brother, the lord cardinal, and sister duchess.

Enter Cardinal, with Duchess and Cariola.

Cardinal

Are the galleys come about?

Grisolan

They are, my lord.

Ferdinand

Here’s the Lord Silvio is come to take his leave.

Delio

Now, sir, your promise: what’s that cardinal?

I mean his temper? They say he’s a brave fellow,

Will play his five thousand crowns at tennis, dance,

Court ladies, and one that hath fought single combats.

Antonio

Some such flashes superficially hang on him for form; but observe his inward character: he is a melancholy churchman. The spring in his face is nothing but the engend’ring of toads; where he is jealous of any man, he lays worse plots for them than ever was impos’d on Hercules, for he strews in his way flatterers, panders, intelligencers, atheists, and a thousand such political monsters. He should have been Pope; but instead of coming to it by the primitive decency of the church, he did bestow bribes so largely and so impudently as if he would have carried it away without heaven’s knowledge. Some good he hath done⁠—

Delio

You have given too much of him. What’s his brother?

Antonio

The duke there? A most perverse and turbulent nature.

What appears in him mirth is merely outside;

If he laught heartily, it is to laugh

All honesty out of fashion.

Delio

Twins?

Antonio

In quality.

He speaks with others’ tongues, and hears men’s suits

With others’ ears; will seem to sleep o’ the bench

Only to entrap offenders in their answers;

Dooms men to death by information;

Rewards by hearsay.

Delio

Then the law to him

Is like a foul, black cobweb to a spider⁠—

He makes it his dwelling and a prison

To entangle those shall feed him.

Antonio

Most true:

He never pays debts unless they be shrewd turns,

And those he will confess that he doth owe.

Last, for this brother there, the cardinal,

They that do flatter him most say oracles

Hang at his lips; and verily I believe them,

For the devil speaks in them.

But for their sister, the right noble duchess,

You never fix’d your eye on three fair medals

Cast in one figure, of so different temper.

For her discourse, it is so full of rapture,

You only will begin then to be sorry

When she doth end her speech, and wish, in wonder,

She held it less vainglory to talk much,

Than your penance to hear her. Whilst she speaks,

She throws upon a man so sweet a look

That it were able to raise one to a galliard.

That lay in a dead palsy, and to dote

On that sweet countenance; but in that look

There speaketh so divine a continence

As cuts off all lascivious and vain hope.

Her days are practis’d in such noble virtue,

That sure her nights, nay, more, her very sleeps,

Are more in heaven than other ladies’ shrifts.

Let all sweet ladies break their flatt’ring glasses,

And dress themselves in her.

Delio

Fie, Antonio,

You play the wire-drawer with her commendations.

Antonio

I’ll case the picture up: only thus much;

All her particular worth grows to this sum⁠—

She stains the time past, lights the time to come.

Cariola

You must attend my lady in the gallery,

Some half and hour hence.

Antonio

I shall.

Exeunt Antonio and Delio.

Ferdinand

Sister, I have a suit to you.

Duchess

To me, sir?

Ferdinand

A gentleman here, Daniel de Bosola,

One that was in the galleys⁠—

Duchess

Yes, I know him.

Ferdinand

A worthy fellow he is: pray, let me entreat for

The provisorship of your horse.

Duchess

Your knowledge of him

Commends him and prefers him.

Ferdinand

Call him hither.

Exit Attendant.

We are now upon parting. Good Lord Silvio,

Do us commend to all our noble friends

At the leaguer.

Silvio

Sir, I shall.

Duchess

You are for Milan?

Silvio

I am.

Duchess

Bring the caroches.⁠—We’ll bring you down

To the haven.

Exeunt Duchess, Silvio, Castruccio, Roderigo, Grisolan, Cariola, Julia, and Attendants.

Cardinal

Be sure you entertain that Bosola

For your intelligence. I would not be seen in’t;

And therefore many times I have slighted him

When he did court our furtherance, as this morning.

Ferdinand

Antonio, the great-master of her household,

Had been far fitter.

Cardinal

You are deceiv’d in him.

His nature is too honest for such business.⁠—

He comes: I’ll leave you.

Exit.

Reenter Bosala.

Bosola

I was lur’d to you.

Ferdinand

My brother, here, the cardinal, could never

Abide you.

Bosola

Never since he was in my debt.

Ferdinand

May be some oblique character in your face

Made him suspect you.

Bosola

Doth he study physiognomy?

There’s no more credit to be given to the face

Than to a sick man’s urine, which some call

The physician’s whore, because she cozens him.

He did suspect me wrongfully.

Ferdinand

For that

You must give great men leave to take their times.

Distrust doth cause us seldom be deceiv’d.

You see the oft shaking of the cedar-tree

Fastens it more at root.

Bosola

Yet take heed;

For to suspect a friend unworthily

Instructs him the next way to suspect you,

And prompts him to deceive you.

Ferdinand

There’s gold.

Bosola

So:

What follows? Aside. Never rain’d such showers as these

Without thunderbolts i’ the tail of them.⁠—Whose throat must I cut?

Ferdinand

Your inclination to shed blood rides post

Before my occasion to use you. I give you that

To live i’ the court here, and observe the duchess;

To note all the particulars of her haviour,

What suitors do solicit her for marriage,

And whom she best affects. She’s a young widow:

I would not have her marry again.

Bosola

No, sir?

Ferdinand

Do not you ask the reason; but be satisfied.

I say I would not.

Bosola

It seems you would create me

One of your familiars.

Ferdinand

Familiar! What’s that?

Bosola

Why, a very quaint invisible devil in flesh⁠—

An intelligencer.

Ferdinand

Such a kind of thriving thing

I would wish thee; and ere long thou mayst arrive

At a higher place by’t.

Bosola

Take your devils,

Which hell calls angels! These curs’d gifts would make

You a corrupter, me an impudent traitor;

And should I take these, they’d take me [to] hell.

Ferdinand

Sir, I’ll take nothing from you that I have given.

There is a place that I procur’d for you

This morning, the provisorship o’ the horse;

Have you heard on’t?

Bosola

No.

Ferdinand

’Tis yours: is’t not worth thanks?

Bosola

I would have you curse yourself now, that your bounty

(Which makes men truly noble) e’er should make me

A villain. O, that to avoid ingratitude

For the good deed you have done me, I must do

All the ill man can invent! Thus the devil

Candies all sins o’er; and what heaven terms vile,

That names he complimental.

Ferdinand

Be yourself;

Keep your old garb of melancholy; ’twill express

You envy those that stand above your reach,

Yet strive not to come near ’em. This will gain

Access to private lodgings, where yourself

May, like a politic dormouse⁠—

Bosola

As I have seen some

Feed in a lord’s dish, half asleep, not seeming

To listen to any talk; and yet these rogues

Have cut his throat in a dream. What’s my place?

The provisorship o’ the horse? Say, then, my corruption

Grew out of horse-dung: I am your creature.

Ferdinand

Away!

Exit.

Bosola

Let good men, for good deeds, covet good fame,

Since place and riches oft are bribes of shame.

Sometimes the devil doth preach.

Exit.

Scene

III

Malfi. Gallery in the Duchess’ palace.

Enter Ferdinand, Duchess, Cardinal, and Cariola.

Cardinal

We are to part from you; and your own discretion

Must now be your director.

Ferdinand

You are a widow:

You know already what man is; and therefore

Let not youth, high promotion, eloquence⁠—

Cardinal

No,

Nor anything without the addition, honour,

Sway your high blood.

Ferdinand

Marry! they are most luxurious

Will wed twice.

Cardinal

O, fie!

Ferdinand

Their livers are more spotted

Than Laban’s sheep.

Duchess

Diamonds are of most value,

They say, that have pass’d through most jewellers’ hands.

Ferdinand

Whores by that rule are precious.

Duchess

Will you hear me?

I’ll never marry.

Cardinal

So most widows say;

But commonly that motion lasts no longer

Than the turning of an hourglass: the funeral sermon

And it end both together.

Ferdinand

Now hear me:

You live in a rank pasture, here, i’ the court;

There is a kind of honeydew that’s deadly;

’T will poison your fame; look to’t. Be not cunning;

For they whose faces do belie their hearts

Are witches ere they arrive at twenty years,

Ay, and give the devil suck.

Duchess

This is terrible good counsel.

Ferdinand

Hypocrisy is woven of a fine small thread,

Subtler than Vulcan’s engine: yet, believe’t,

Your darkest actions, nay, your privat’st thoughts,

Will come to light.

Cardinal

You may flatter yourself,

And take your own choice; privately be married

Under the eaves of night⁠—

Ferdinand

Think’t the best voyage

That e’er you made; like the irregular crab,

Which, though’t goes backward, thinks that it goes right

Because it goes its own way: but observe,

Such weddings may more properly be said

To be executed than celebrated.

Cardinal

The marriage night

Is the entrance into some prison.

Ferdinand

And those joys,

Those lustful pleasures, are like heavy sleeps

Which do fore-run man’s mischief.

Cardinal

Fare you well.

Wisdom begins at the end: remember it.

Exit.

Duchess

I think this speech between you both was studied,

It came so roundly off.

Ferdinand

You are my sister;

This was my father’s poniard, do you see?

I’d be loth to see’t look rusty, ’cause ’twas his.

I would have you give o’er these chargeable revels:

A visor and a mask are whispering-rooms

That were never built for goodness⁠—fare ye well⁠—

And women like variety of courtship.

What cannot a neat knave with a smooth tale

Make a woman believe? Farewell, lusty widow.

Exit.

Duchess

Shall this move me? If all my royal kindred

Lay in my way unto this marriage,

I’d make them my low footsteps. And even now,

Even in this hate, as men in some great battles,

By apprehending danger, have achiev’d

Almost impossible actions (I have heard soldiers say so),

So I through frights and threatenings will assay

This dangerous venture. Let old wives report

I wink’d and chose a husband.⁠—Cariola,

To thy known secrecy I have given up

More than my life⁠—my fame.

Cariola

Both shall be safe;

For I’ll conceal this secret from the world

As warily as those that trade in poison

Keep poison from their children.

Duchess

Thy protestation

Is ingenious and hearty; I believe it.

Is Antonio come?

Cariola

He attends you.

Duchess

Good dear soul,

Leave me; but place thyself behind the arras,

Where thou mayst overhear us. Wish me good speed;

For I am going into a wilderness,

Where I shall find nor path nor friendly clue

To be my guide.

Cariola goes behind the arras.

Enter Antonio.

I sent for you: sit down;

Take pen and ink, and write: are you ready?

Antonio

Yes.

Duchess

What did I say?

Antonio

That I should write somewhat.

Duchess

O, I remember.

After these triumphs and this large expense

It’s fit, like thrifty husbands, we inquire

What’s laid up for tomorrow.

Antonio

So please your beauteous excellence.

Duchess

Beauteous!

Indeed, I thank you. I look young for your sake;

You have ta’en my cares upon you.

Antonio

I’ll fetch your grace

The particulars of your revenue and expense.

Duchess

O, you are

An upright treasurer: but you mistook;

For when I said I meant to make inquiry

What’s laid up for tomorrow, I did mean

What’s laid up yonder for me.

Antonio

Where?

Duchess

In heaven.

I am making my will (as ’tis fit princes should,

In perfect memory), and, I pray, sir, tell me,

Were not one better make it smiling, thus,

Than in deep groans and terrible ghastly looks,

As if the gifts we parted with procur’d

That violent distraction?

Antonio

O, much better.

Duchess

If I had a husband now, this care were quit:

But I intend to make you overseer.

What good deed shall we first remember? Say.

Antonio

Begin with that first good deed began i’ the world

After man’s creation, the sacrament of marriage;

I’d have you first provide for a good husband;

Give him all.

Duchess

All!

Antonio

Yes, your excellent self.

Duchess

In a winding-sheet?

Antonio

In a couple.

Duchess

Saint Winifred, that were a strange will!

Antonio

’Twere stranger if there were no will in you

To marry again.

Duchess

What do you think of marriage?

Antonio

I take’t, as those that deny purgatory,

It locally contains or heaven or hell;

There’s no third place in’t.

Duchess

How do you affect it?

Antonio

My banishment, feeding my melancholy,

Would often reason thus.

Duchess

Pray, let’s hear it.

Antonio

Say a man never marry, nor have children,

What takes that from him? Only the bare name

Of being a father, or the weak delight

To see the little wanton ride a-cock-horse

Upon a painted stick, or hear him chatter

Like a taught starling.

Duchess

Fie, fie, what’s all this?

One of your eyes is bloodshot; use my ring to’t.

They say ’tis very sovereign. ’Twas my wedding-ring,

And I did vow never to part with it

But to my second husband.

Antonio

You have parted with it now.

Duchess

Yes, to help your eyesight.

Antonio

You have made me stark blind.

Duchess

How?

Antonio

There is a saucy and ambitious devil

Is dancing in this circle.

Duchess

Remove him.

Antonio

How?

Duchess

There needs small conjuration, when your finger

May do it: thus. Is it fit?

She puts the ring upon his finger: he kneels.

Antonio

What said you?

Duchess

Sir,

This goodly roof of yours is too low built;

I cannot stand upright in’t nor discourse,

Without I raise it higher. Raise yourself;

Or, if you please, my hand to help you: so. Raises him.

Antonio

Ambition, madam, is a great man’s madness,

That is not kept in chains and close-pent rooms,

But in fair lightsome lodgings, and is girt

With the wild noise of prattling visitants,

Which makes it lunatic beyond all cure.

Conceive not I am so stupid but I aim

Whereto your favours tend: but he’s a fool

That, being a-cold, would thrust his hands i’ the fire

To warm them.

Duchess

So, now the ground’s broke,

You may discover what a wealthy mine

I make your lord of.

Antonio

O my unworthiness!

Duchess

You were ill to sell yourself:

This dark’ning of your worth is not like that

Which tradesmen use i’ the city; their false lights

Are to rid bad wares off: and I must tell you,

If you will know where breathes a complete man

(I speak it without flattery), turn your eyes,

And progress through yourself.

Antonio

Were there nor heaven nor hell,

I should be honest: I have long serv’d virtue,

And ne’er ta’en wages of her.

Duchess

Now she pays it.

The misery of us that are born great!

We are forc’d to woo, because none dare woo us;

And as a tyrant doubles with his words,

And fearfully equivocates, so we

Are forc’d to express our violent passions

In riddles and in dreams, and leave the path

Of simple virtue, which was never made

To seem the thing it is not. Go, go brag

You have left me heartless; mine is in your bosom:

I hope ’twill multiply love there. You do tremble:

Make not your heart so dead a piece of flesh,

To fear more than to love me. Sir, be confident:

What is’t distracts you? This is flesh and blood, sir;

’Tis not the figure cut in alabaster

Kneels at my husband’s tomb. Awake, awake, man!

I do here put off all vain ceremony,

And only do appear to you a young widow

That claims you for her husband, and, like a widow,

I use but half a blush in’t.

Antonio

Truth speak for me;

I will remain the constant sanctuary

Of your good name.

Duchess

I thank you, gentle love:

And ’cause you shall not come to me in debt,

Being now my steward, here upon your lips

I sign your Quietus est. This you should have begg’d now.

I have seen children oft eat sweetmeats thus,

As fearful to devour them too soon.

Antonio

But for your brothers?

Duchess

Do not think of them:

All discord without this circumference

Is only to be pitied, and not fear’d:

Yet, should they know it, time will easily

Scatter the tempest.

Antonio

These words should be mine,

And all the parts you have spoke, if some part of it

Would not have savour’d flattery.

Duchess

Kneel.

Cariola comes from behind the arras.

Antonio

Ha!

Duchess

Be not amaz’d; this woman’s of my counsel:

I have heard lawyers say, a contract in a chamber

Per verba [de] presenti is absolute marriage.

She and Antonio kneel.

Bless, heaven, this sacred gordian which let violence

Never untwine!

Antonio

And may our sweet affections, like the spheres,

Be still in motion!

Duchess

Quickening, and make

The like soft music!

Antonio

That we may imitate the loving palms,

Best emblem of a peaceful marriage,

That never bore fruit, divided!

Duchess

What can the church force more?

Antonio

That fortune may not know an accident,

Either of joy or sorrow, to divide

Our fixed wishes!

Duchess

How can the church build faster?

We now are man and wife, and ’tis the church

That must but echo this.⁠—Maid, stand apart:

I now am blind.

Antonio

What’s your conceit in this?

Duchess

I would have you lead your fortune by the hand

Unto your marriage-bed:

(You speak in me this, for we now are one:)

We’ll only lie and talk together, and plot

To appease my humorous kindred; and if you please,

Like the old tale in Alexander and Lodowick,

Lay a naked sword between us, keep us chaste.

O, let me shrowd my blushes in your bosom,

Since ’tis the treasury of all my secrets!

Exeunt Duchess and Antonio.

Cariola

Whether the spirit of greatness or of woman

Reign most in her, I know not; but it shows

A fearful madness. I owe her much of pity.

Exit.